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Revitalisasi Simulator Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) dan Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
Ahmad Sukarya (2017) | Tugas Akhir | -
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Ringkasan
Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) dan Continous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) merupakan suatu reaktor ideal yang penting dipelajari dalam bidang teknik kimia. Pada tahun 2008 di Jurusan Teknik Kimia POLBAN pernah dilakukan rancang bangun simulator CSTR oleh Setiadi dan Maulana dan simulator PFR oleh Nugroho dan Rahman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perancangan ulang dan memfungsikan kembali simulator tersebut, serta melakukan uji karakteristik kedalam reaktor ideal melalui pendekatan penentuan harga residence time distribution ( dan σ2) dan dispersion number (ND). Penentuan karakteristik reaktor ideal menggunakan metode pulse. Revitalisasi yang dilakukan meliputi tabung dan meja reaktor, support reaktor, sistem input tracer, sistem output dan sampling point, sistem perpipaan dan sistem jalur listrik. Karakteristik PFR ideal membentuk profil aliran datar (plug) pada rezim aliran turbulen. Dalam penelitian simulator PFR didapatkan rezim aliran turbulen ternyata mendekati pola aliran sumbat (plug flow), hal ini dibuktikan dengan didapatkannya harga sebesar 10.03 s, σ2 sebesar 5.52 dan dispersion number sebesar 0.02 pada laju alir 7 liter/menit. Pada simulator CSTR karakteristik reaktor ideal ditentukan dengan nilai dispersion number yang dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan pengadukan. Dalam penelitian karakteristik simulator CSTR yang baik ada pada kecepatan putar 544 sampai 732 radian/menit, direntang laju alir 3.5-4 liter/menit, diperoleh 165.06 s serta σ2 1324.539, sedangkan rata-rata dispersion number sebesar 0.3. Dari karakteristik tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa simulator CSTR yang ada telah mendekati sifat CSTR. Aplikasi kedua simulator menggunakan reaksi NaOH dan Etil Asetat tidak menunjukan fenomena yang jelas, padahal bahan indikator yang digunakan telah berlebih jumlahnya. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa simulator ini sangat baik untuk melakukan pengamatan sifat fisik reaktor, dan direkomendasikan tidak digunakan untuk mengamati sifat kimia reaktor. Kata kunci: simulator, karakteristik, dispersion number, residence time distribution, tracer, pulse.
Ringkasan Alternatif
Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) and Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) are an important ideal reactor that have to be learn in the chemical engineering. In 2008 at the Chemical Engineering Department of POLBAN had done the design of CSTR simulator by Setiadi and Maulana and PFR simulator by Nugroho and Rahman. This study objectives are to redesign and refunction the simulator, and perform characteristic tests of ideal reactors through the approach of determining the value of residence time distribution ( and σ2) and dispersion number (ND). Determination of ideal reactor characteristics are using pulse method. Revitalization comprise the tube of simulator, reactor support, tracer input system, output system and sampling point, piping system and electricity system. The ideal PFR characteristic create the flat flow profile (plug) on a turbulent flow regime. In the PFR simulator research, turbulent flow regime was found approaching flow pattern of plug (plug flow), this is proved by the value of 10.03 s, σ2 of 5.52 and the dispersion number of 0.02 at the flow rate of 7 liters / minute. In the CSTR simulator the ideal reactor characteristics are determined by the value of dispersion number that affected by the speed of stirring. In the research the good characteristics of CSTR simulator that existed the speed of stirring is 544 to 732 radians/min, in range of flow rate of 3.5-4 liters/minute, that obtained 165.06 s and σ2 1324.539, while the average number of dispersion of 0, 3. From these characteristics can be concluded the existing CSTR simulator that is appropriate to the ideal CSTR. The second application of simulator is using reaction of NaOH and Ethyl Acetate do not show clear phenomenon, even though the used of indicator are excessive. Further concluded that this simulator is very good for conducting observations of the physical properties of the reactor, and not recommendation for the chemical reaction. Keywords: simulator, characteristic, dispersion number, residence time distribution, tracer, pulse.