Proses pembuatan biodiesel dilakukan dengan transesterifikasi tiga tahap dengan rasio mol minyak sawit/metanol sebesar 1:6 dan katalis KOH 1%-b minyak sawit. Transesterifikasi dilakukan dalam reaktor batch berpengaduk. Proses berlangsung selama 60 menit dengan variasi suhu proses 40, 50, 60 dan 70oC. Sampel diambil pada akhir waktu proses untuk menentukan parameter kinetika transesterifikasi. Model kinetika transestrifikasi disusun dan diselesaikan dengan MATLAB berdasarkan reaksi orde 2. Biodiesel pada setiap variasi suhu proses memenuhi syarat mutu berdasarkan SNI-04-7182-2006 yang meliputi densitas, viskositas, dan titik nyala. Yield dan konstanta laju reaksi optimum diperoleh pada suhu proses 60oC dengan yield sebesar 92,05 % dan konstanta laju reaksi setiap tahap yaitu k1=0,2956 l/mol.menit; k2=0,1891 l/mol.menit; k3=0,0114 l/mol.menit. Energi aktivasi untuk tiga tahap reaksi 𝐸𝑎1=4584,01 kal/mol; 𝐸𝑎2=5964,97 kal/mol ; 𝐸𝑎3=8343,41 kal/mol. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa tahap pengurangan trigliserida menjadi digliserida adalah tahap paling cepat dan tahap pengurangan monogliserida menjadi gliserol adalah tahap paling lambat. Kata kunci: minyak sawit, transesterifikasi, biodiesel, model kinetika transesterifikasi.

The process of making biodiesel done with three-stage transesterification reaction from palm oil and methanol with mol ratio 1:6 using catalyst KOH 1%-w/w of palm oil. In the present work, a study on transesterification of palm oil with the use of solid alkaly catalyst was conducted in a batch reactor with agitation. Temperature of process variation up to 40, 50, 60 and 70oC. The reaction was carried out for 60 minutes, meanwhile samples were taken from the reactor in the final reaction for glycerol analysis. In order to predict kinetics parameter of the transesterification reaction, a mathematical model of consecutive reactions was developed. The MATLAB software was used to solve the simultaneous differential equations with the reaction of order 2. Over the range of variables used in the experiment, the mathematical model was able to fit the experimental data quite well. Biodiesel on every variation of the process temperature meet quality requirements of biodiesel based on SNI-04-7182-2006 which include density, viscosity, and flash point. Yield and the reaction rate constants obtained at the optimum reaction temperature of 60°C, with yield of 92,05% and the reaction rate constants for each stage are respectively k1=0,2956 l/mol.min; k2=0,1891 l/mol.min; k3=0,0114 l/mol.min. Activation energy for each stage is 𝐸𝑎1=4584,01 cal/mol; 𝐸𝑎2=5964,97 cal/mol ; 𝐸𝑎3=8343,41 cal/mol. Simulation results show that the reduction of triglycerides into diglycerides stage is the most rapid phase and phase reduction of monoglycerides to glycerol is the slowest stage. Keywords : palm oil, transesterification, biodiesel, model of transesterification kinetics.

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