Penelitian ini mengkaji makna urutan yang dikargumentasikan sebagai relasi simetris dan asimetris dari kata bahasa Inggris before dan after. Berdasakan fenomena yang ada kata before dan after memiliki kategori yang berbeda bergantung pada distribusinya didalam kalimat. Beranjak dari fakta tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kategori gramatikal dan kategori semantis (relasi simetris dan asimetris) dari kata before dan after, sehingga penelitian ini mengambil judul. ‘Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Relation between The English Words Before and After: A Study of Syntax and Semantics.’ Data untuk penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) sebagai sumber data penelitian. Data dicari dengan cara melihat kalimat berisi kata before dan after lalu diklasifikasikan ke dalam kategori masing-masing. Dan pada akhirnya, data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan teori Radford, Larson, dan Oliver akan digunakan dalam studi ini. Hasil dari penelitian terdapat tiga kategori dari kata before dan after yaitu, preposisi, adverbial, dan konjungsi, dan setelah dianalisis terdapat empat data kata before sebagai adverbial adalah asimetris, tiga data kata before sebagai konjungsi simetris, tiga data kata before sebagai preposisi simetris, satu data kata before sebagai preposisi asimetris, empat data kata after sebagai adverbial adalah asimetris, tiga data kata after sebagai konjungsi adalah simetris, dua data kata after sebagai preposisi simetris, dan dua data sebagai kata after sebagai preposisi asimetris.

The study analyzes a sequence meaning, argued to be a symmetric-asymmetric relation, of English words before and after. Due to the fact that after and before lead to different categories based on their distribution in English sentence, this research focuses on examining the occurrence of after and before as a particular word category with symmetric-asymmetric relation. Thus, this research aims to discuss the grammatical categories of before and after as well as symmetric relation or an asymmetric relation. According to those aims, this study takes a title, ‘Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Relation between The Words Before and After: A Study of Syntax and Semantics.’ For this study, the data were collected from COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) as the main source of research data. The data were identified by observing the sentence that contained before and after, then were classified into their specific categories. Lastly, the data were analyzed using various theories: Radford’s, Larson’s, and Oliver’s. The results of the research show that there are three categories of words before and after; those are, prepositions, adverbial, and conjunctions. After analyzing comprehensively, it is have been analyzed: (1) four data of the words before playing as an adverb are asymmetric; (2) three data of the words before as conjunction are symmetrical; (3) three data of the before as a preposition are symmetric; (4) one data of the before as a preposition is asymmetric; (5) four data of the words after as an adverb are asymmetric; (6) three data of the word after as a conjunction are symmetric; (7) two data of the words after as a preposition are symmetric; and (8) two data of the words after as a preposition are asymmetric.

https://elib.unikom.ac.id/gdl.php?mod=browse&op=read&id=jbptunikompp-gdl-tiaraarist-36335